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Several writers, including Jewish Nobel Prize laureate Isaac Bashevis Singer, and animal rights groups have drawn a comparison between the treatment of animals and the Holocaust.〔Patterson, Charles. ''Eternal Treblinka'', Lantern Books, 2002.〕 The comparison is regarded as controversial, and has been criticized by organizations that campaign against antisemitism, including the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.〔Willoughby, Brian. ("PETA Turns Holocaust into Pig Pen" ), ''Tolerance.org'', a webproject of the Southern Poverty Law Center, March 7, 2003, Retrieved August 17, 2006.〕 A character in one of Singer's stories described the treatment of animals by humans as "an eternal Treblinka".〔 Similarly, the eponymous character in J. M. Coetzee's ''Elizabeth Costello'' compared the Nazis' treatment of Jews to methods used by the meat industry to herd and slaughter cattle.〔Coetzee, J.M. (Exposing the beast: factory farming must be called to the slaughterhouse ), ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', February 22, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2007.〕 The comparison began immediately after the end of World War II, when Jewish writers recounted the lack of resistance by European Jewish victims of the Holocaust, who were led to their death as "sheep to slaughter".〔Sicher, Efraim, "Breaking crystal: writing and memory after Auschwitz", pp. 41, 98, 99, 121, etc., University of Illinois Press, 1998〕 The ADL argues, however, that the subsequent use of Holocaust imagery by animal rights activists is a "disturbing development".〔("Holocaust Imagery and Animal Rights" ), Anti-Defamation League, August 2, 2005, Retrieved August 17, 2006.〕 Roberta Kalechofsky of Jews for Animal Rights argues in her essay "Animal Suffering and the Holocaust: The Problem with Comparisons" that, although there is "connective tissue" between animal suffering and the Holocaust, they "fall into different historical frameworks, and comparison between them aborts the ... force of anti-Semitism."〔Kalechofsky, Roberta. (''Animal Suffering and the Holocaust: The Problem with Comparisons'' ), Micah Publications, 2003, last accessed November 3, 2009.〕 She has also written that she "agree() with I.B. Singer's statement, that 'every day is Treblinka for the animals, but concludes that "some agonies are too total to be compared with other agonies."〔 ==Comparisons== Jewish author Isaac Bashevis Singer, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978, made the comparison in several of his stories, including ''Enemies, A Love Story,'' ''The Penitent,'' and ''The Letter Writer.'' In the latter the protagonist says, "In relation to (), all people are Nazis; for the animals, it is an eternal Treblinka."〔Patterson, Charles (2002). ''Eternal Treblinka'', Lantern Books, pp. 181–188.〕 In ''The Penitent'' the protagonist says "when it comes to animals, every man is a Nazi."〔Singer, Isaac Bashevis (1983). ''The Penitent'', Farrar, Straus, Giroux, p. 39.〕 Edgar Kupfer-Koberwitz, a pacifist, conscientious objector and Holocaust victim who was sent to Dachau for "being a strong autonomously thinking personality",〔Charles Patterson. ()Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust(). New York, NY: Lantern Books, 2002 218.〕 wrote in his "Dachau Diaries" (kept at the University of Chicago Library〔http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.KOBERWITZ〕) that "I have suffered so much myself that I can feel other creatures' suffering by virtue of my own".〔Edgar Kupfer-Koberwitz, ''Animal Brothers: Reflection on an Ethical Way of Life'', 4th ed.Mannaheim, Germany: Warland-Verlagsgenossenschaft eG Mannaheim, n. date. Translated by Ruth Mossner for Vegetarian Press, Denver, CO.〕 He further wrote, "I believe as long as man tortures and kill animals, he will torture and kill humans as well—and wars will be waged—for killing must be practiced and learned on a small scale".〔 Belgian writer Marguerite Yourcenar also made the comparison. She wrote that if we had not accepted the inhumane transportation of animals to the slaughterhouses we would not have accepted the transportation of humans to the concentration camps.〔Marguerite Yourcenar, (UNE POLITIQUE POUR DEMAIN )〕 In another article, making the same connection, she wrote that every act of cruelty suffered by thousands of living creatures is a crime against humanity.〔Marguerite Yourcenar, (Une civilisation à cloisons étanches )〕 J. M. Coetzee, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2003, invoked the image of the slaughterhouse in describing the Nazi's treatment of Jews: "... in the 20th century, a group of powerful and bloody-minded men in Germany hit on the idea of adapting the methods of the industrial stockyard, as pioneered and perfected in Chicago, to the slaughter – or what they preferred to call the processing – of human beings."〔 The ADL lists a number of animal rights groups that have made the comparison. The magazine ''No Compromise'' introduced the Animal Liberation Front with the words: "If we are trespassing, so were the soldiers who broke down the gates of Hitler's death camps; If we are thieves, so were the members of the Underground Railroad who freed the slaves of the South; And if we are vandals, so were those who destroyed Forever the gas chambers of Buchenwald and Auschwitz."〔 In 2001, Meat.org included an "Animal Holocaust" section containing photographs of animals with captions such as "Holocaust Victim", arguing that it's "easy to see the resemblance of the systematic destruction and slaughter of over six million Jews by the Nazis before and during World War II and the over 20 million animals that are executed every day in America alone. Many of the Jews of the Holocaust were transported to concentration camps in cattle cars to their death. The concentration camps very much resemble the common slaughterhouses of today."〔 The Consistency in Compassion Campaign (CCC), a project of the Northwest Animal Rights Network of Seattle, Washington, argues that "the Holocaust stands for much more than the one event. It represents a place and time when supremacist thinking was so embedded in a culture that they were blind or apathetic to the evil that existed in their everyday world. This kind of thinking is not exclusive to just that time and place. The great blind spot of our country and Western Civilization for that matter is the mistreatment and disregard for non-human animals in nearly every capacity."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Animal rights and the Holocaust」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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